ChatGPT Image Jun 21, 2026, 06_14_16 PM

How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings

How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings

June 22, 2026

How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings

By: James Trusty

As any federal criminal practitioner can attest, judges holding a sentencing hearing are privy to an intentionally wider universe of information about the defendant than a jury would have heard about at trial. We want judges to consider all sorts of things about the offender and the offense, beyond just the facts establishing the crime – social background, employment history, criminal record, substance abuse history, mental health issues, and more. Particularly in federal proceedings, a lot of ink, angst, and argument is devoted to addressing thorny issues of unadjudicated “relevant conduct” and “jointly undertaken criminal activity.” In many cases, these expansive concepts can lead to a tax case having the same penalty as a murder prosecution (“Al Capone sentenced for tax evasion”) or a judge holding defendant…

Read More about How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings

Robotic Risk—but Is the Ultimate Answer Still a Human One?

May 26, 2026

Robotic Risk—but Is the Ultimate Answer Still a Human One?

By: Lauren Scribner

It now goes without saying that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a convenient solution for accomplishing certain tedious tasks, such as planning an upcoming trip, figuring out what to make for dinner with ingredients already on hand, or adding some professional flare to an email. But when it comes to some of the more high-stakes areas of life, such as obtaining financial, medical, or legal…

Read More about Robotic Risk—but Is the Ultimate Answer Still a Human One?

Murdaugh She Wrote

May 21, 2026

Murdaugh She Wrote

By: James Trusty

As the information regarding Alex Murdaugh’s conniving, murderous ways began to spread far beyond the Lowcountry of South Carolina and into the cable and social media airwaves, a curious and ominous thing took root. The temptation of star power and riches slumped stealthily behind the public face of the proceedings, causing a low-level bureaucrat to destroy the notion of an impartial jury in one of…

Read More about Murdaugh She Wrote

Virtual Reality Creating Jury Reality

January 7, 2025

Virtual Reality Creating Jury Reality

By: James Trusty

A Florida Judge may have unwittingly ushered in a new age of criminal justice, where slickly made virtual reality (“VR”) presentations turn judges and jurors into witnesses, and VR headsets provide subjective “testimony” in a powerful and difficult to challenge manner. Broward County Judge Andrew Siegel agreed to don a virtual reality headset in a preliminary proceeding[1] where the defendant was accused of aggravated assault….

Read More about Virtual Reality Creating Jury Reality

How Thick is the Blanket? – Preemptive Pardons as a Presidential Power

December 6, 2024

How Thick is the Blanket? – Preemptive Pardons as a Presidential Power

By: James Trusty

As the presiding judge scolded Hunter Biden’s attorneys this week, “The Constitution provides the President with broad authority to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 1, but nowhere does the Constitution give the President the authority to rewrite history.”[1]  But what exactly is that history he claims is being re-written? Judge Scarsi was challenging…

Read More about How Thick is the Blanket? – Preemptive Pardons as a Presidential Power

Supremely Improbable

July 30, 2024

Supremely Improbable

By: James Trusty

President Biden’s pronounced objectives for Supreme Court “reform” are improbable, politically lifeless under a particularly lame duck presidency, and motivated by transparently November-driven calculations. But even if the proposed changes are doomed from the start, they push public discourse on a couple of issues that are red meat for the democrats. The stated reforms are superficially simple ones: 1) to “clarify” that “there is no…

Read More about Supremely Improbable

Presidential Immunity Ruling Stirs Sound and Fury

July 5, 2024

Presidential Immunity Ruling Stirs Sound and Fury

By: James Trusty

The immediate and eventual impact of the Supreme Court’s immunity decision in Trump v. United States is both considerable and dramatically misrepresented. The initial consequences include likely delay to the January 6 prosecution out of D.C. and the setting of hearings—in D.C., Georgia and south Florida—where the judges will be required to make  factual findings as to whether the evidence supporting the indictments reflect “official…

Read More about Presidential Immunity Ruling Stirs Sound and Fury

The Challenging Terrain of White-Collar Sentencing

June 3, 2024

The Challenging Terrain of White-Collar Sentencing

By: James Trusty

Federal judges are required to balance a number of factors whenever imposing sentence, including specifically enumerated areas that largely stem from the broader philosophical categories of General Deterrence, Specific Deterrence, Retribution/Punishment, Restitution and Victim Impact, and Rehabilitation. In determining the presumptively reasonable range of potential sentences, federal practitioners consult their always-handy U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, which create a sentencing range grid based upon the offense characteristics…

Read More about The Challenging Terrain of White-Collar Sentencing

Articles and Presentations by Our Firm Attorneys

How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings

How Much is Too Much? – Second Circuit Establishes Guardrails for Sentencing Hearings
By: James Trusty

Robotic Risk—but Is the Ultimate Answer Still a Human One?

Robotic Risk—but Is the Ultimate Answer Still a Human One?
By: Lauren Scribner

Murdaugh She Wrote

Murdaugh She Wrote
By: James Trusty

Subscribe to Ifrah Law’s Insights